Report claims each Solana TX uses less energy than 2 Google searches

A transaction on the Solana network takes less energy than two Google searches, and 24 times less energy than charging your phone, according to a Nov. 25 report by the Solana Foundation.

The report states that a single transaction on its network uses 0.00051 kWh, or 1,836 Joules, of energy. According to Google, an average search uses 0.0003 kWh or 1,080 Joules of energy.

Perhaps more surprisingly, the report claims the entire Solana network uses an estimated 3,186,000 kWh per year, which is equivalent to the average electricity usage of 986 American households.

In May, the Solana Foundation contracted Robert Murphy to write the report in order to “frame the environmental impact” of transactions on the Solana network. Murphy is the founder of Othersphere and was formerly an Energy Specialist at the World Bank.

The Solana network is less decentralized than Bitcoin or Ethereum with 1,196 validator nodes that process an estimated 20 million transactions per year. The report states the Foundation will further reduce the network’s energy usage by implementing a program before the end of this year to become carbon-neutral and offset the environmental footprint of the ecosystem. No additional information was provided on whether the network plans to purchase carbon offsets or actually reduce its emissions.

As Solana (SOL) relies on a Proof of Stake consensus mechanism, the network is far less energy intensive than those relying on the Proof of Work mining method such as Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH). Statista estimates that a single BTC transaction uses an average of 4,222,800,000 joules.

It should be noted that networks technically do not use any particular amount of energy for an individual transaction. The energy usage of the network can be the same whether it processes one transaction or one million. However it is often used as a rough, if contested, comparison,

With that in mind, one Ethereum transaction uses about 644,004,000 joules based on the average number of transactions and amount of energy required to run the network. According to Statista, the energy consumption of one ETH transaction is comparable to “more than several thousands of VISA card transactions.”

Related: Crypto’s climate impact: Are carbon offsets good enough?

However Eth2 is expected to use about 99% less energy than the current mainnet following the switch to Proof of take.

Another low-energy alternative is Ripple (XRP), which uses 28,440 Joules per transaction. Ripple says that for every million transactions on its network, the amount of energy used could’ve powered a light bulb for 79,000 hours.

For the same amount of transactions, the energy used by BTC could power a light bulb for 4.51 billion hours. For this reason, Ripple claims that XRP is 57,000 times more efficient than BTC.

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DeFi Tx Bundler Furucombo Hacked for $14 Million

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Furucombo, a dApp focused on easily creating multi-step transactions for trading and DeFi without knowing how to code, just got compromised. At press time, a hacker managed to drain over $14 million of users’ funds.

Furucombo, a dApp focused on easily creating multi-step transactions for trading and DeFi without knowing how to code, just got compromised. At the moment of writing, a hacker managed to drain over $14 million of users’ funds.


The hacker compromised Furucombo’s proxy smart contract, which enabled them to withdraw ETH and ERC20 tokens. 

The hacker's transaction draining ERC-20 tokens from Furucombo's smart contract
The hacker’s transaction draining ERC20 tokens. Source: Etherscan.

The hacker then started sending funds to the mixer Tornado Cash to cover their tracks and withdraw funds.


Ethereum transactions on Tornado Cash
The hacker’s transaction to Tornado Cash. Source: Etherscan.

Currently, the hacker’s address holds over 4,560 ETH, worth roughly $6.8 million, and more than $7 million in ERC20 tokens, including more than 5.5 million DAI. These holdings do not include funds that were sent to Tornado Cash for laundering.

The hacker's Ethereum address on Etherscan
The hacker’s Ethereum address. Source: Etherscan.

Anyone who interacted with Furucombo proxy should revoke their approvals to withdraw funds from their wallet using Revoke. The addresses of Furucombo contracts to check:

  • 0x57805e5a227937BAc2B0FdaCaA30413ddac6B8E1
  • 0x17e8ca1b4798b97602895f63206afcd1fc90ca5f

Over the last year, there were numerous hacks and exploits of DeFi protocols. The space is nascent, but the Total Value Locked in DeFi smart-contracts continues to grow, exceeding $37 billion at the time of press. Furucombo’s hack is another reminder for DeFi users to seriously consider contract security and not use money in new protocols that they can’t afford to lose.

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Massive Coinbase outflows. 15k $BTC at 32.4k Looking at the TX, it went to custody wallets that only have in-going transactions. It’s likely to be OTC deals from institutional investors. I believe this is the strongest bullish signal. Chart 👉

Massive Coinbase outflows. 15k $BTC at 32.4k

Looking at the TX, it went to custody wallets that only have in-going transactions. It’s likely to be OTC deals from institutional investors.

I believe this is the strongest bullish signal.

Chart 👉 https://t.co/20Dz85Y5mG https://t.co/W2G7M9lpm1

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Bitcoin (BTC) $ 26,609.13 0.09%
Ethereum (ETH) $ 1,594.86 0.57%
Litecoin (LTC) $ 64.49 0.39%
Bitcoin Cash (BCH) $ 208.33 0.09%