Is Chainlink Centralized? A Breakdown of Token Distribution

Key Takeaways

  • Chainlink node operators hold 35% of the supply, the team holds almost 25%, and exchanges hold 16%.
  • Funds held by the team are aimed towards bootstrapping development.
  • No wallet outside of teams, nodes, or exchanges holds over 1% of funds.


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Alex Svanevik, CEO of the Nansen blockchain AI firm, chastised media today for skirting over important details and spreading “FUD” regarding Chainlink’s token distribution.


Speaking to Crypto Briefing, Svanevik stated that “In brief, overly simplistic metrics do a disservice to the space. Reporting that 125 wallets control 80% of LINK supply doesn’t take into consideration what those 125 wallets are exactly.”

Crypto Briefing took a closer look at the data. The author’s findings show that wallets holding more than 1% of the total supply account for 66.6% of the supply. 

The distribution for wallets holding over 1% is as follows:

  • Chainlink node operators: 35%
  • Chainlink team: 24.8% across five different wallets
  • Binance: 3.4%
  • Aave LendingPoolCore: 2.7%

Exchanges hold 16% of the total supply. Node operators control 35% of the supply, and the team holds 24.8%. Chainlink ambassador ChainLinkGod posted a tweet in defense of the project, stating:


According to the ambassador, funds held by the team are being used to bootstrap future development.


Is Chainlink Centralized?

While the specific data on which wallets are controlled by which parties are relevant, the fact remains that the majority of circulating tokens are held by a minority of users.

The Nansen chart posted on Twitter shows many exchanges accounting for top net worth wallets.

chainlink token distribution
Source: Nansen

However, the total distribution to exchanges is only 16%. Furthermore, the supply held by the top 1% of addresses has been steadily climbing since 2019.

Chainlink 1% of addresses
Source: Glassnode

Scrolling past the first two dozen or so wallets on the Nansen list, many of the wallets have been labeled  “Token Millionaire,” signifying whale wallets with $1 million or more worth of LINK tokens.

The main caveat to this point is that none of these whale wallets own a sum equal to or greater than 1%.

Every cryptocurrency has whales and millionaires, and LINK is no different. The issue here comes down to why node operators and team members hold so much of the supply and whether that supply can be used to force governance decisions.

Chainlink Tokenomics

Chainlink is a decentralized oracle service that transmits data to smart contracts between various interconnected blockchains. Chainlink nodes are paid in LINK, an ERC-677 token used to transfer data.


In theory, the tokenomics connect LINK’s value to demand for data in the ecosystem. Users can also stake LINK as collateral value against the Chainlink oracle, and nodes with more LINK staked are seen as more trustworthy.

Users who stake LINK receive LINK rewards over time. The Huobi exchange is one of several that runs its own Chainlink node.

While it’s true that the team holds enough LINK to manipulate price action, they’ve only sold 5% of the total supply over the last 3 years, moving from 30% to 25%.

To many users, this suggests that the funds are being used to further network development. The token is not used for governance, as Chainlink allows different networks to handle governance in their own unique ways. While the sum of tokens held by the top 100 wallets is formidable, it is not related to the governance decisions made by the team.


Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that while he felt the project was a “great solution as one among several,” Chainlink’s “security model is too centralized for me to be satisfied with it being the solution to all oracle problems.” However, projects that begin fully decentralized start off on the back foot when it comes to governance.

Speaking to Crypto Briefing, entrepreneur Max Safarin described the balance between a centralized team and token distribution as a “necessary evil” to start off with. 

“This is a multi-billion dollar enterprise being built and token ownership by the team is necessary to make that process work,” he said.

While the project is not fully decentralized in terms of governance, it does not appear that the current token distribution poses a threat to the ecosystem’s health.

As Glassnode commented in a recent report, “The continued concentration of supply suggests that, even with the available supply increasing, LINK’s top holders are still bullish on the token, and are continuing to acquire more. This is a positive sign for LINK, as it demonstrates ongoing support and bullish sentiment from the existing community.”

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What Is an Oracle?

An “oracle” sends data from the outside world, such as the daily temperature or the number of votes a political candidate received, to a blockchain such as Ethereum. A smart contract on the blockchain can then use the data, typically to make a decision about whether to dispense money and to whom.

Here’s a more concrete example: Farmers sometimes purchase agricultural derivatives, which provide insurance in case drought wipes out her crops. If the weather doesn’t go the farmer’s way one season, the derivative will pay her a lump sum to make up for the losses. 

An oracle helps an Ethereum smart contract perform this sequence of tasks automatically. Smart contracts are tools made possible by blockchains such as Ethereum, which execute the terms of a relationship only if the correct conditions are met. Ethereum also happens to support the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, ether.


For example, at the end of a season, a weather oracle described above might inform the smart contract that it rained only 10 days or less this season. It sends this information directly to the smart contract, which then knows it is supposed to pay the farmer. 

Conversely, if the season sees more than enough rain, the weather oracle will inform the smart contract, and the farmer will not be paid. 

What are the problems with oracles?

The defining quality of a blockchain like Ethereum is that it’s able to run smart contracts. Once programmed, the smart contract is fully controlled by the blockchain; no entity needs to be trusted to execute the rules, and no middleman can prevent the transaction from taking place, assuming the conditions for the smart contract are met. The contract simply does what it’s programmed to do.


However, an oracle is a data feed run by an entity; in the above example, it’s a weather oracle. Blockchains like Ethereum were created to move away from third parties, yet an oracle is one. 

Trusting a data source can lead to issues. The owner of an oracle’s data feed, for example, could post inaccurate data in order to sway smart contracts in favor of the data feed owner. Alternatively, someone could hack the data feed to sway the data in their favor. 

Smart contracts that are not dependent on oracles don’t have this problem. That said, researchers are exploring various ways to mitigate this issue and create oracles that are more decentralized or otherwise protected against bad actors. One such area of research is for oracle computers to use Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), special areas of hardware with extra security, making them difficult to tamper with.

What applications use oracles?

Many Ethereum applications use oracles. Prediction market Augur, for instance, lets participants bet on what will happen in the future. For example, participants could have bet “yes” or “no” on the question: “Will Joe Biden win the 2024 election?” Augur would use data from oracles to figure out whether or not Biden won, thus settling the bet.

Other platforms, such as Chainlink, make oracles a central part of their platforms, and have explored various ways to make oracles resistant to false information.


Source

Tagged : / / / / / / / / / / /

What Is an Oracle?

An “oracle” sends data from the outside world, such as the daily temperature or the number of votes a political candidate received, to a blockchain such as Ethereum. A smart contract on the blockchain can then use the data, typically to make a decision about whether to dispense money and to whom.

Here’s a more concrete example: Farmers sometimes purchase agricultural derivatives, which provide insurance in case drought wipes out her crops. If the weather doesn’t go the farmer’s way one season, the derivative will pay her a lump sum to make up for the losses. 

An oracle helps an Ethereum smart contract perform this sequence of tasks automatically. Smart contracts are tools made possible by blockchains such as Ethereum, which execute the terms of a relationship only if the correct conditions are met. Ethereum also happens to support the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, ether.


For example, at the end of a season, a weather oracle described above might inform the smart contract that it rained only 10 days or less this season. It sends this information directly to the smart contract, which then knows it is supposed to pay the farmer. 

Conversely, if the season sees more than enough rain, the weather oracle will inform the smart contract, and the farmer will not be paid. 

What are the problems with oracles?

The defining quality of a blockchain like Ethereum is that it’s able to run smart contracts. Once programmed, the smart contract is fully controlled by the blockchain; no entity needs to be trusted to execute the rules, and no middleman can prevent the transaction from taking place, assuming the conditions for the smart contract are met. The contract simply does what it’s programmed to do.


However, an oracle is a data feed run by an entity; in the above example, it’s a weather oracle. Blockchains like Ethereum were created to move away from third parties, yet an oracle is one. 

Trusting a data source can lead to issues. The owner of an oracle’s data feed, for example, could post inaccurate data in order to sway smart contracts in favor of the data feed owner. Alternatively, someone could hack the data feed to sway the data in their favor. 

Smart contracts that are not dependent on oracles don’t have this problem. That said, researchers are exploring various ways to mitigate this issue and create oracles that are more decentralized or otherwise protected against bad actors. One such area of research is for oracle computers to use Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), special areas of hardware with extra security, making them difficult to tamper with.

What applications use oracles?

Many Ethereum applications use oracles. Prediction market Augur, for instance, lets participants bet on what will happen in the future. For example, participants could have bet “yes” or “no” on the question: “Will Joe Biden win the 2024 election?” Augur would use data from oracles to figure out whether or not Biden won, thus settling the bet.

Other platforms, such as Chainlink, make oracles a central part of their platforms, and have explored various ways to make oracles resistant to false information.


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Fantom Introduces New Staking Tools to Drive DeFi Liquidity

Fantom

Fantom is introducing new staking tools that allow for staked assets to add liquidity to the markets. This marks the first time that staked assets can become liquid, and be used in the DeFi ecosystem. The new tools are powered by Band Protocol, which offers a fully scalable oracle technology. According to Fantom, “Fantom users […]

The post Fantom Introduces New Staking Tools to Drive DeFi Liquidity appeared first on Blockonomi.

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