Chairman McHenry Sharply Criticizes U.S. Treasury and IRS Over Digital Asset Reporting Proposals

Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, Patrick McHenry, has publicly voiced his concerns over the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on digital asset reporting requirements issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The proposed regulations, which were announced on August 25, 2023, are part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

Chairman McHenry stated, “The notice of proposed rulemaking on digital asset reporting requirements is another front in the Biden Administration’s ongoing attack on the digital asset ecosystem.” He emphasized that following the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, lawmakers from both parties had clearly expressed that any proposed rule should be “narrow, tailored, and clear.”

While McHenry acknowledged the delayed effective date and exemptions for other activities in the proposed rule, which he said mirrored his bipartisan bill, the “Keep Innovation in America Act,” he also pointed out its shortcomings. “However, it fails on numerous other counts. Any additional rulemakings related to the other sections from the law must adhere to Congressional intent,” he added.

The Chairman further urged the Biden Administration to cease its efforts to undermine the digital asset ecosystem in the U.S. and collaborate with Congress to establish clear regulations for the industry. He expressed his commitment to advancing his bipartisan solution, the “Keep Innovation in America Act,” to rectify these reporting requirements, safeguard the privacy of market participants, and ensure the digital asset ecosystem thrives in the U.S.

Chairman McHenry is the lead sponsor of H.R. 1414, the “Keep Innovation in America Act,” which aims to amend the digital asset reporting provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. The bill has garnered support from a bipartisan group of colleagues, including Rep. Ritchie Torres (NY-15).

For context, the proposed regulations by the Treasury and IRS aim to mandate brokers to report sales and exchanges of digital assets conducted by their customers. The regulations are designed to address ambiguities surrounding digital assets, including defining brokers and introducing a new reporting form, Form 1099-DA. IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel commented on the regulations, emphasizing their design to “end confusion involving digital assets” and ensure that “digital assets are not used to hide taxable income.”

Public feedback on these proposed regulations is open until October 30, 2023, with a public hearing scheduled for November 7, 2023.

There are widespread criticisms regarding the proposed regulations, in addition to those expressed by Chairman McHenry. Chye-Ching Huang from the Tax Law Center at NYU Law voiced concerns with an article titled “U.S. Will Likely Lose Billions Due to Unacceptably Long Delay for Digital Asset Reporting Requirements“, over the “unacceptably long delay” in releasing the proposed rules. The Center pointed out the decision to postpone full implementation of these requirements until 2026, a two-year delay from the original statute. They warned of the financial implications of this delay, suggesting that the Treasury and IRS might lose out on billions due to tax non-compliance for digital asset transactions in 2023 and 2024.

The Tax Law Center further emphasized that the Treasury and IRS had other viable options to implement these reporting requirements in a timely manner, allowing for public input and system development.

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US Treasury and IRS Propose New Regulations on Digital Asset Reporting

The US Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) have jointly issued proposed regulations aimed at enhancing transparency and compliance in the digital asset sector. These regulations are set to mandate brokers to report sales and exchanges of digital assets conducted by their customers.

The proposed regulations encompass various digital asset concerns, notably defining brokers and mandating the reporting of proceeds to the IRS via the newly introduced Form 1099-DA. “These proposed regulations are designed to help end confusion involving digital assets and provide clear information and reporting certainty for taxpayers, tax professionals and others,” commented IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel. He emphasized the importance of ensuring digital assets aren’t utilized to conceal taxable income, especially by high-income individuals.

Starting from Jan. 1, 2025, brokers, which include digital asset trading platforms, payment processors, and certain hosted wallet providers, will be required to report gross proceeds on Form 1099-DA. Additionally, they must provide payee statements to their customers. From Jan. 1, 2026, brokers will also need to report gain or loss and basis information for sales, aiding customers in tax return preparations.

The regulations further stipulate that real estate reporting entities, such as title companies and real estate brokers, must report the disposition of digital assets used as consideration in real estate transactions closing on or after Jan. 1, 2025. They will also need to report the fair market value of digital assets paid to real estate sellers for transactions closing from this date.

These proposals are part of the Biden-Harris Administration’s broader strategy to close the tax gap and ensure uniformity in tax rules, especially concerning digital assets. The nonpartisan Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) highlighted the importance of third-party income verification in reducing tax evasion, estimating that the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) provisions could generate nearly $28 billion over a decade.

Public feedback on these regulations is encouraged, with written comments accepted until Oct. 30, 2023. Public hearings are scheduled for Nov. 7 and Nov. 8, 2023, to accommodate the anticipated volume of responses.

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U.S. IRS Clarifies Taxation on Crypto Staking Rewards

The United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has issued a ruling that clarifies the taxation of cryptocurrency staking rewards. According to Revenue Ruling 2023-14, released on July 31, 2023, crypto staking rewards must be reported as gross income in the year they are received.

Details of the Ruling

The ruling specifically applies to cash-method taxpayers who receive cryptocurrency as rewards for validating transactions on proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains. This includes both direct staking of cryptocurrency and staking through centralized crypto exchanges.

The IRS defines dominion as the time when the investor controls and has the ability to sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of the cryptocurrency rewards. The fair market value of the crypto rewards should be included in annual income and determined at the time the assets are received.

Background and Implications

Cryptocurrency staking is a process where individuals participate in the validation of transactions on a blockchain by holding and “staking” their cryptocurrency. In return, they receive additional units of cryptocurrency as rewards.

Previously, the IRS had subjected crypto-mining rewards to both income and capital gains tax but had no provisions for staking rewards. This new ruling treats crypto staking like stock dividends, according to Messari founder Ryan Selkis.

The ruling states: “If a cash-method taxpayer stakes cryptocurrency native to a proof-of-stake blockchain and receives additional units of cryptocurrency as rewards when validation occurs, the fair market value of the validation rewards received is included in the taxpayer’s gross income in the taxable year in which the taxpayer gains dominion and control over the validation rewards.”

Price Influence on PoS-Based Cryptocurrencies

The IRS’s ruling on crypto staking rewards is a major step towards delineating the tax obligations of crypto investors in the United States. It provides specific guidelines for those involved in PoS blockchains, and it may have implications for the prices of PoS-based cryptos, like Ethereum, depending on market reactions and investor sentiment.

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US Court Backs IRS in Part Against Kraken Over Tax Rules

The United States District Court, Northern District of California, has partially upheld a summons issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to Payward Ventures, Inc. and its subsidiaries, collectively known as “Kraken“. Kraken, a prominent online crypto exchange, has been under scrutiny for its compliance with tax regulations.

The court order comes after Kraken failed to comply with an IRS summons, leading to the United States initiating legal action to enforce it. The court’s decision to grant the petition in part and deny it in part marks a crucial juncture in this ongoing case.

Kraken, known for its global reach, offers its digital currency exchange services to users in over 190 countries. The platform provides a variety of account levels, including Starter, Express, Intermediate, and Pro, each requiring different levels of user verification. While the Starter and Express accounts offer limited services and require lower levels of verification, the Intermediate and Pro accounts offer a wider variety of transaction types and higher withdrawal limits, necessitating additional user verification.

The IRS investigation into Kraken was triggered by concerns over tax compliance issues related to cryptocurrency. These concerns were highlighted in reports by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) in 2013 and the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) in 2016. The reports identified several tax compliance risks associated with virtual currencies, including underreporting of income and tax evasion.

In response to these concerns, the IRS expanded its Electronic Payment Systems Initiative (EPSI) to address U.S. taxpayers who use virtual currencies for tax avoidance purposes. As part of this initiative, the IRS established a Virtual Currency Issue Team (VCIT) to study the issue and consider the compliance impact related to virtual currencies. The summons to Kraken is part of the tools being used in this investigation.

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Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of FTX Responds to IRS’s $44 Billion Claims

The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of FTX, a now-bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange, has publicly responded to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) staggering $44 billion in claims against various debtors affiliated with FTX.

The committee made the acknowledgment via a recent tweet, stating: “On April 27 and 28, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service submitted numerous proofs of claim asserting substantial claims against various Debtors. The Debtors and the Committee are in the process of assessing the nature, validity, priority, and amount of such claims.”

The response comes on the heels of the IRS filing a substantial number of claims against FTX and its associated entities. According to bankruptcy filings dated April 27 and 28, the IRS presented 45 claims against FTX companies. These include West Realm Shires, the legal entity of FTX.US, Ledger Holdings, the parent company of LedgerX and LedgerPrime, and Blockfolio.

The claims filed by the IRS are significant, with Alameda Research LLC facing a $20.4 billion claim and a $7.9 billion claim. Moreover, two claims amounting to $9.5 billion have been lodged against Alameda Research Holdings Inc. These filings underscore the scale of the financial and regulatory challenges now confronting these entities.

This substantial assertion of claims by the IRS highlights the potential financial risks and regulatory hurdles faced by cryptocurrency companies, particularly those with operations across different jurisdictions.

As the involved parties grapple with the immense claims and their validity, the implications for the broader cryptocurrency industry could be profound. The bankruptcy of FTX and the ensuing IRS claims underline the critical importance of compliance with tax laws within the cryptocurrency realm.

The complexities surrounding the nature, validity, priority, and amount of the IRS claims will likely take weeks, if not months, to fully unpack. In the meantime, all eyes within the crypto industry will be on FTX and its affiliates as they navigate these unprecedented challenges.

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US Crypto Tax Law Study

Researchers from Indiana University and the University of Maine recently collaborated on a study that investigated the present condition of tax legislation in the United States regarding cryptocurrencies. The findings of the research are summarized in a series of recommendations that are directed for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). If these suggestions were carried out, it would be impossible for taxpayers to deduct losses from bitcoin investments against profits from other types of investments.

The purpose of this study paper, which is named “Crypto Losses,” is to shed light on the myriad of different types of losses that may be incurred by firms and people who have invested in cryptocurrencies. In addition to this, it suggests a new tax structure to be applied to such losses.

At this time, the IRS has not issued definitive instructions on cryptocurrencies; nonetheless, bitcoin losses normally adhere to the same taxes regulations as other types of capital assets. In most cases, they may be deducted against profits from the sale of a capital asset, but not against gains from other sources, such as income. However, there are some restrictions regarding the times and ways in which deductions can take place.

For example, the amount of a loss that may be deducted for bitcoin transactions that are classified as a “sale” or “exchange” will be limited. On the other hand, taxpayers are eligible to deduct the full amount of their losses if their cryptocurrency was lost, stolen, or destroyed in any other manner (such as by burning it or through some other destructive method).

According to the findings of the research, the existing tax system does not adequately account for bitcoin losses, and it suggests adopting a different strategy in order to solve this problem. The tax system that is being suggested would make a difference between losses that are incurred as a consequence of transactions and those that are the result of the irreversible loss of assets.

According to the framework that has been presented, the only way for taxpayers to deduct losses related to cryptocurrencies that emerge from transactions is to do so against other types of capital gains. On the other hand, losses incurred as a consequence of the irretrievable destruction of assets would be totally deductable against other types of income.

In general, the findings of the research underscore the need for more clarity in the regulations governing the taxation of cryptocurrencies, as well as a more nuanced approach to the problem of how to handle bitcoin losses. Because of the widespread use of cryptocurrencies, it is imperative that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) remain current with the rapidly evolving world of digital assets and provide transparent direction to taxpayers about their respective tax responsibilities.

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Kraken Fights IRS Over Customer Information

Kraken, the popular crypto exchange, is contesting the United States Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) demand for critical exchange user information, citing it as an “unjustified treasure hunt.” According to Bloomberg, the crypto exchange has requested federal court intervention in San Francisco to ask the IRS to back off from its demand for customer information.

Kraken’s pushback against the IRS comes in response to the agency’s February summons, which demanded additional user information to identify Kraken accounts that did at least $20,000 of cryptocurrency trading in any single year between 2016 and 2020. The exchange claims that the IRS has gone “far beyond” its intrusive summons, and its demands for customer information are not justified.

Kraken’s request for federal court intervention cited Coinbase’s case from 2017, where the tax agency scaled back its initial demand after Coinbase’s continuous refusal. In the Coinbase case, U.S. District Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley decided that the summons sent to more than 14,000 customers of the exchange wasn’t too intrusive because the IRS had a valid reason to look into taxpayers who might not be disclosing their Bitcoin (BTC) gains.

Kraken’s lawyers claimed that the IRS has gone “far beyond” the rules set by Judge Corley in the Coinbase case. Kraken joined Coinbase in its efforts to push back against growing regulatory scrutiny by American regulators. Coinbase is currently fighting its own battle against the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over offering crypto staking services.

The SEC alleged that staking services offered by Kraken, Coinbase, and other platforms violate securities law. While Coinbase settled with the SEC for $30 million for offering staking services, it has decided to head to court for its IRS battle.

The growing regulatory scrutiny has become a growing concern for crypto companies in the U.S. The likes of Coinbase CEO Brian Armstong and USD Coin issuer Circle CEO Jeramy Allaire have warned that the growing pushback from regulatory bodies will force budding crypto companies to move offshore.

In conclusion, Kraken is fighting against the IRS’s demand for customer information, citing it as an “unjustified treasure hunt.” The exchange has requested federal court intervention, pointing out that the IRS has gone “far beyond” its intrusive summons. With growing regulatory scrutiny, Kraken and Coinbase’s pushback against American regulators could become a growing trend in the crypto industry, with more companies moving offshore to avoid regulatory barriers.

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IRS is Developing ‘Hundreds’ of Crypto Cases Amid Upcoming Tax Season

According to a report from Bloomberg Law, Division Chief Jim said the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) criminal investigation division is developing hundreds of cases involving crypto, and many of the cases are to be made public soon.

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The cases are part of the IRS ramping up a plan for the upcoming tax season. In addition, the cases entail sectors around “off-ramping” transactions – a situation where digital assets are exchanged for fiat currency, as well as individuals receiving crypto as payment and not reporting.

This report comes after United States District Judge Paul G. Gardephe granted the IRS  permission to issue ‘’John Doe’’ summons on M.Y. Safra Bank to release information about customers who may have failed to remit taxes received from conducting crypto transactions.

IRS Commissioner Charles P. Rettig stated,  “The government’s ability to obtain third-party information about individuals who have failed to report their digital asset income remains an important tool for tax evasion.” Charles added that the John Doe summons is a step in the right direction toward ensuring that everyone pays their taxes according to what they earn.

Precisely, Gardephe asked SFOX, a complete crypto dealer that provides crypto services for institutional investors, to produce information about its customers who use M.Y. Safra Bank to make cryptocurrency payments.

The IRS recently created a new category dubbed “Digital Assets” for the different categorizations of assets that are tied to the emerging blockchain industry. The regulator defined Digital Assets as any representations of value that are recorded on a cryptographically secure distributed ledger or any similar technology.

 

Per the draft bill, investors in the US will be able to see if and how they are supposed to report their digital assets, which include crypto coins and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs).

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US IRS Introduces Broad Category for Digital Assets Ahead of Tax Season

The United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is preparing for the forthcoming tax season, especially as it concerns digital assets.

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According to a draft bill published by the tax regulator, investors in the US will be able to see if and how they are supposed to report their digital assets which include crypto coins and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs).

 

The 2022 draft IRS Tax forms have created a new category dubbed “Digital Assets” for the different categorizations of assets that are tied to the emerging blockchain industry. To give a more emphatic and clear picture of the obligations it places on taxpayers, the IRS defined Digital Assets as;

 

“..any digital representations of value that are recorded on a cryptographically secured distributed ledger or any similar technology. For example, digital assets include non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and virtual currencies, such as cryptocurrencies and stablecoins.”

 

In order to avoid any gray areas, the IRS stated that any digital asset that behaves in similarity to these assets per this definition will be treated as such.

 

The regulator stated some set of conditions under which Americans will need to give affirmations based on their crypto holdings. Per the draft bill, anyone who has received payment in cryptocurrencies over the past year received or gifted the assets categorized as digital assets amongst other conditions will have to properly report these items.

 

Taxing crypto gains is a very volatile subject of discourse in the global ecosystem, and based on their cryptographic nature, the government believes more people choose to hide their crypto transactions in a bid to evade taxes.


The IRS has been exploring quite a number of tailored solutions that can enable them to monitor crypto transactions in a bid to make everyone accountable. Besides working with exchanges to get necessary data on request, other private service providers are also helping the IRS develop tools that can aid its crypto tax goals.

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U.S Court Issues John Doe Summons to Taxpayers that Failed to Remit Crypto Taxes

The United States District Judge, Paul G. Gardephe has granted permission to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to issue what is called a John Doe summons on M.Y. Safra Bank to release information about customers who may have failed to remit taxes received from conducting crypto transactions.

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According to a court order, Gardephe specifically asked SFOX to produce information about its customers who use M.Y. Safra Bank to make cryptocurrency payments. SFOX is a complete crypto dealer that provides crypto services for institutional investors that provide the liquidity, security and infrastructure needed to open the full potential of digital assets.

SFOX collaborated with M.Y. Safra to offer SFOX customers access to bank accounts for depositing and withdrawing cash. 

SFOX users could use their money on M.Y. Safra to buy and sell positions in SFOX virtual currency. IRS, therefore, expects M.Y. Safra to provide information on the identity and crypto transactions of SFOX customers based on their partnerships so as to determine if IRS laws are complied with.

SFOX has a record of over 175,000 registered subscribers on its platform that have collectively performed transactions of over $12 billion since 2015. The IRS also stated that a third party is required to report such virtual transactions to them.

The IRS Commissioner Charles P. Rettig said in a statement that;

“The government’s ability to obtain third-party information about individuals who have failed to report their digital asset income remains an important tool for tax evasion.” According to him, the John Doe summons is a step in the right direction towards ensuring that everyone pays their taxes according to what they earn.

The U.S IRS issued a warning letter in 2019 to crypto owners stating that taxpayers must pay taxes owed or file amended tax returns for their cryptocurrencies

“Taxpayers should take these letters very seriously by reviewing their tax returns and, if necessary, amending previous returns and paying back taxes, interest and penalties,” said IRS Commissioner Chuck Rettig.

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