The importance of on-chain analytics and blockchain data providers is rising in importance right alongside bitcoin’s price and overall adoption. However, with this increase of importance comes an increase of responsibility. Tens of thousands of traders now use popular on-chain data providers such as Glassnode, CryptoQuant and Coinmetrics. These traders are making instant reactions/decisions based on this data, trying to gain an edge over others. This incentive structure to be the first to act on the data creates a dangerous precedent for the influence of bad data on the market. These actions based on bad data can have serious outcomes for bitcoin’s price. Let’s take a look at a recent example from just two weeks ago.
On March 14, 2021, an alert was sent out to over 28,000 traders subscribed to CryptoQuant’s telegram alert service saying $1 billion of bitcoin was transferred onto Gemini’s exchange, presumably to be sold. Within a minute, this immediately triggered a sell-off from traders, ultimately leading to a cascade of long liquidations totaling 14,396 BTC, or roughly $850,000,000. This was ultimately the catalyst for a massive drop in price and the several day consolidation that followed.
Image via Glassnode
It turned out that the transfer was actually Blockfi transferring bitcoin into Gemini’s custody solution service, making the transaction actually bullish. This is a classic example of how misinformation can be the catalyst for a market dump. When funding levels go up and traders become increasingly bullish, more leverage naturally moves into the market.
You can think of this like a game of Jenga where you’re stacking pieces higher without a strong foundation. As the Jenga tower is built higher, it takes increasingly less of a push to collapse the entire thing. This is the same way leverage works in the bitcoin market. The more bullish speculative traders become, the more leverage is in the market, ultimately making it more fragile. A catalyst such as the bad data CryptoQuant put out is all that’s needed to initiate a cascade of liquidations. As one trader hits their stop loss, they have to sell (or liquidate) which pushes the price even further down, causing the next trader to hit their stop loss. This is what I am referring to as a “cascade of liquidations.”
I strongly encourage data providers to be warier of the information they are putting out, as, at the end of the day, they are manually labeling these wallet addresses. One mistake can cause the loss of massive sums of money. With this being said, I encourage traders to look at multiple data providers to get the most accurate picture of what’s going on in the market. Hopefully, as we move closer to hyperbitcoinization, new data providers will come about. This is ultimately bullish for the ecosystem and a net positive for traders, as information confirmed across 10 data providers is much more likely to be accurate than reported by just one. I also encourage the data providers that do exist currently to be more cautious and hesitant to put out information publicly without being absolutely sure that the data is accurate. Although a great deal of respect is due to these providers and the value that they are bringing to the space, we must keep them in check to get the most accurate information possible. After all, the mantra of Bitcoin is don’t trust; verify, and billions are on the line here.
This is a guest post by William Clemente III. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc. or Bitcoin Magazine.
BTIG managing director and digital assets analyst Mark Palmer is revealing his bullish price targets for Bitcoin (BTC) and MicroStrategy (MSTR).
In a research note, Palmer highlights the relationship between the price of MSTR and Bitcoin’s value.
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“We fully acknowledge that MSTR, which last August became the first publicly traded US company to adopt Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, has taken a massive unhedged long position on a highly volatile speculative asset… [MSTR aims to] capture upside arising from the increased adoption of the cryptocurrency by institutional investors concerned about mounting inflationary pressures.”
Palmer’s comments on the correlation between the two assets come as he unveils a “Buy” rating for MSTR with a price target of $850 assuming that Bitcoin will surge to $95,000 by the end of 2022. MSTR is trading at around $703 with BTC valued at $59,626 at time of writing.
MicroStrategy leads all publicly listed companies in terms of Bitcoin investments to the tune of 91,326 BTC worth $2.2 billion. The company’s multi-billion dollar purchase has paid off as its BTC stack is now valued at $5.4 billion.
Palmer adds that he views Bitcoin as “digital gold” that may capture investor interest amid loose global monetary policies.
“[Bitcoin is] an attractive, non-sovereign store of value at a time when unprecedented levels of global fiscal and monetary stimulus have heightened investors’ concerns about monetary inflation and the debasement of fiat currencies.”
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Nonfungible tokens are “ten times better than their physical counterparts”, according to digital art collector MetaKovan.
The pseudonymous art patron, who was recently revealed to be blockchain entrepreneur Vingaresh Sundaresan, bought the NFT of Beeple’s “EVERYDAYS: THE FIRST 5000 DAYS” for $69 million dollars earlier this year.
Explaining the motives behind his purchase in an exclusive interview with Cointelegraph, MetaKovan pointed out that NFTs have a number of advantages over traditional artworks: they are easy to transfer, they don’t have any storage costs, and their ownership can be shared. Also, they can democratize the art world by making it more easily accessible to digital artists all over the world, regardless of their nationality and social background.
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MetaKovan even said that NFTs will bring crypto into the mainstream.
“A lot of people are going to get introduced to crypto by NFTs”, he explained.
The art patron dismissed concerns about the potential risks of a speculative bubble growing in the NFT market. He thinks the frenzy around NFTs serves the purpose of accelerating adoption.
“If there is speculation, that’s ok, because we are making everything fast”, he said.
According to MetaKovan, the NFT market will eventually influence the price of large cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.
That could happen “in a year or so, when a lot more people will be using NFTs”, MetaKovan said.
Check out the full interview on our Youtube channel and don’t forget to subscribe!
The American businesswoman, model, actress, and celebrity Paris Hilton, owns bitcoin and is “very, very excited” about the first-ever cryptocurrency.
Interestingly, the long-time BTC proponent Max Keiser said that the asset saved her from the wicked path she was on.
Hilton is ‘Very Excited’ about Bitcoin
The primary cryptocurrency has seen mass endorsement from celebrities in the past several months. From entrepreneurs like Michael Saylor and Elon Musk to legendary legacy investors like Paul Tudor Jones III to actress Maisie Williams, known for her role as Arya Stark in the Game of Thrones TV series.
The asset also saw public praise from another popular individual – Paris Hilton. During an interview with CNBC, she said she has invested in bitcoin, emphatically answered “yes” to a question if she has been in for a while, and offered the following optimistic prediction:
“I’m very, very excited about that as well. It’s definitely the future.”
Hilton also talked about non-fungible tokens. She noted that she has been among the early adopters of NFTs, as she auctioned off a self-made picture of her cat early last year, as CryptoPotato reported.
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She added that after working with several new artists recently, she has prepared a new drop in a few weeks and “then another one planned after that, and I just think it’s amazing that artists can really take back their power.”
Paris Hilton. Source: Delish
The Role of Satoshi, Bitcoin, and Max Keiser
Shortly after Hilton’s interview saw the light of day on Twitter, the host of the Keiser Report, Max Keiser, posted a picture with himself, Stacy Herbert, and Paris Hilton from 2018. In the text, Keiser said that “we spoke with Paris Hilton extensively about bitcoin.”
CryptoPotato reached out to the early BTC adopter, and, staying true to himself, he outlined a somewhat biblical role that bitcoin could have had with Hilton’s life path.
“Paris is another life saved. She was on a wicked path. Now, she is saved. Thank Satoshi.”
He said that as a BTC proponent who continues to spread the word regarding the cryptocurrency to as many people as possible, he is actually doing “Satoshi’s work here on Earth.” In situations like with Hilton, it’s “Satoshi’s grace that saves us. I am just a servant of Satoshi.”
Keiser added that because of his ability to convince people of BTC’s merits, MicroStrategy’s Michael Saylor refers to him as “the high priest of Bitcoin.”
“I am humbled when I think of the thousands of lives I’ve saved that were destined to be crushed by the fiat money devil that were resurrected by Bitcoin and the light of Satoshi.” – Keiser concluded.
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Top crypto exchange Coinbase is announcing that it has received approval from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to go public.
In a new blog post, Coinbase says that the SEC has accepted their request to go public via direct listing, which will take place on April 14th. Its Class A common stock will list on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol COIN.
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Coinbase initially filed its Form S-1 back in December of 2020 and has reportedly been preparing to go public since July of last year.
According to news outlet Axios, Coinbase will enter the market with a $100 billion valuation based on the company’s performance during a private market share sale preceding its public launch.
That value would place the company at the 147th spot on the list of top stocks by market cap, right below retail outlet Target. The company will also launch with a higher valuation than any other US-based tech company since Facebook in 2012.
Coinbase currently has 43 million verified users and has done nearly half a trillion dollars worth of volume since its launch in 2012.
The firm manages $90 billion worth of assets on the platform and operates in over 100 countries. Coinbase will be the first US-based crypto exchange to go public.
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Disclaimer: Opinions expressed at The Daily Hodl are not investment advice. Investors should do their due diligence before making any high-risk investments in Bitcoin, cryptocurrency or digital assets. Please be advised that your transfers and trades are at your own risk, and any loses you may incur are your responsibility. The Daily Hodl does not recommend the buying or selling of any cryptocurrencies or digital assets, nor is The Daily Hodl an investment advisor. Please note that The Daily Hodl participates in affiliate marketing.
Featured Image: Shutterstock/Momentum Fotograh/Wang An Qi
Crypto’s march towards mainstream adoption takes another significant step forward as the CEO of an e-commerce giant is publicly pondering how to integrate his company with the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem.
On Friday night, Shopify CEO Tobi Lutke posted a Twitter message asking the DeFi community what “role” Shopify could play in the growing financial vertical:
Hey #DeFi Twitter. What are the commerce related opportunities that you are most excited about? What role do you want Shopify to play?
— Tobi Lutke (@tobi) April 2, 2021
The inquiry drew hundreds of responses, including from multiple DeFi power players. Nansen’s Alex Svanevik mentioned stablecoin payments as well as using DeFi protocols to allow cash in Shopify accounts to earn yield, and likewise ConsenSys’ Corbin Page pointed to a hackathon project that deposited payments directly into yield-bearing protocols.
More complex suggestions centered on leveraging deposited funds for payments, real-time subscription fees, and using protocols like Alchemix to enable asset-backed loans for payments.
While highly speculative in nature, Lutke’s musing do seem to be a sign that he’s caught the crypto bug. Earlier in the day, he posted that he’d been “dabbling” with smart contracts, referring to their functionality as “fascinating.” Besides the tech, the CEO also seems to be taken with DeFi’s open, permissionless ethos.
In a Tweet, he said that while it certainly won’t fit a purist’s definition of decentralization, one of Shopify’s goals was reducing barriers and friction in online retail — a spiritual cousin to Defi:
Usually companies see a market like retail and say “cool, I’ll go win that market”. Shopify did “cool, let’s make sure everyone can participate”. So in spirit (not by your definition) we are helping push against centralization. Makes sense?
— Tobi Lutke (@tobi) April 3, 2021
If a Defi-powered feature ever does make its way onto Shopify’s platform, it would likely immediately be one of the most important catalysts for adoption in DeFi’s short history. Shopify is the largest company in Canada, among the largest in the northern hemisphere, and counts over 3 million online stores as part of its platform.
Ripple reached an agreement with the SEC over sealing court documents.
But Ripple got half of what it asked for: it can only partially redact two emails, not four.
In its ongoing lawsuit with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, the crypto payments company Ripple has scored a partial win in its bid to keep its email correspondence out of the courts.
The lawsuit, filed against Ripple in December, alleges that Ripple raised $1.3 billion by selling XRP in ongoing unregistered securities offerings. Ripple, a payments company created by XRP creators Chris Larsen and Brad Garlinghouse, functions kind of like the central bank of XRP. If the coin is crashing, Ripple sells some of the 55 million XRP it holds in its treasury.
#SEC v. #RIPPLE #xrpcommmunity 1/3 Judge Netburn grants Ripple’s Motion to Seal on an Interim Basis — ORDER granting 83 Letter Motion to Seal. The Defendants’ motion to seal is GRANTED solely on an interim basis. Furthermore, the parties are directed to meet and confer to discuss
— James K. Filan (@FilanLaw) March 31, 2021
On March 31, a New York judge granted Ripple’s motion to temporarily seal four documents and ordered Ripple and the SEC to agree on redactions by April 2. Ripple’s lawyers managed to convince the judge to grant redactions in two email exchanges, they explained on Twitter.
The first redaction is an email between Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse and an anonymous person about Rippleworks, the company’s non-profit VC arm. The second is between anonymous parties discussing the public perception of XRP and Ripple’s control of it.
Ripple hasn’t reached an agreement over the other two documents according to Ripple’s counsel, Andrew Ceresney. The SEC doesn’t want Ripple to hide an email exchange that contains co-founder Chris Larsen’s personal financial information, nor one that shared the company’s strategy with private investors.
Ripple’s lawyers still want them redacted, obviously. “All four documents are ‘discovery materials filed with the court in connection with the discovery-related disputes,’ and therefore not judicial documents and not entitled to a presumption of public access,” Ceresney said in a letter to the court yesterday.
The court case hasn’t stopped XRP, Ripple’s cryptocurrency, from rising in value amid the current bull run. As of yesterday, XRP became the 7th largest cryptocurrency, with a market cap of $27.9 billion. XRP’s price is up around 170% since the start of the year, currently worth $0.636178—higher than before the lawsuit.
It’s no secret that the Venn diagram intersection between sports bettors and crypto investors has grown dramatically over the past year.
At the start of the pandemic, with live sports shut down, many of the people who used apps to bet on sports turned instead to swiping through stocks on Robinhood, and buying Bitcoin on Coinbase, Robinhood, Square, or elsewhere. And notably, this is also when Barstool Sports honcho Dave Portnoy rebranded himself as a day trader, and he, too, bought Bitcoin—though he panicked and sold when it dipped, at a loss. The rebound in the stock market (even while the broader U.S. economy was still flailing), the GameStop short squeeze pulled off by Reddit users on WallStreetBets, and the crypto bull run were all part of the same pandemic-fueled retail investor revolution.
But the overlap between gambling and crypto is not new. When I was at Fortune in 2015, I closely covered the rise of DraftKings and FanDuel, the “daily fantasy sports” (DFS) companies that exploded in popularity and raised tons of money, then navigated legal challenges in New York and other states because their fantasy contests looked like gambling. I recently logged into Medium.com and discovered this draft post, last edited 5 years ago: “What D.F.S. and Bitcoin have in common.” (My sub-heading, incidentally, was: “A whole lot, I’ve realized, after covering both industries extensively.”) I never got around to finishing the post. Five years later, a lot has changed: DraftKings went public via SPAC, FanDuel sold to an Irish betting company, and people hardly talk about DFS anymore because both companies have openly transitioned to legal gambling operations ever since May 2018, when the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the federal ban on sports betting. The price of Bitcoin has skyrocketed to $60,000, and it feels like a matter of time till DraftKings and FanDuel begin taking bets in crypto. Meanwhile, the community overlap between betting and crypto is clearer than ever.
Nowhere is that sense stronger right now than in the NFT boom.
For the uninitiated—though it would be near impossible to have missed this trend if you spend any time on the internet—NFTs are non-fungible tokens, crypto assets (but different from cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin) that live on blockchain and represent ownership deeds to a verifiably scarce digital or physical asset, from virtual trading cards to an art image to a video file to real-life concert tickets.
And they’re selling for sky-high prices. The most famous (or infamous) is a pastiche by the digital artist Beeple that sold for $69.3 million in auction at Christie’s, but a more head-scratching example might be CrytoPunks: pixellated cartoon heads that predate the current NFT mania and are thus particularly valuable, since they’re part of such a limited batch.
CryptoPunk #7804 sold for $7.5 million. (Image: Larva Labs)
It’s hard to look at the above image and understand how it could sell for $7.5 million. Or look at this one from Steve Aoki (seriously, please hit play and watch it); it sold for $888,888.
Billionaire investor and Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban, who has gone all in on NFTs, says you have to “get over that perception that I have to physically be able to touch it, and realize that’s more hassle, the joy of ownership is really what matters.” But even once you wrap your mind around digital-only ownership, the prices are jaw-dropping, and look to many like a speculative bubble.
The celebrity NFT has already become a punchline. Snoop Dogg, Grimes, and Lindsay Lohan have all done NFTs. John Cleese of “Monty Python” fame sold a pen drawing of the Brooklyn Bridge for $35,000. Tampa Bay Buccaneers tight end Rob Gronkowski sold a series of digital trading cards for $1.6 million. Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes one-upped him by selling an NFT collection for $3.7 million. NFL alum Vernon Davis is dropping an NFT pack that includes a “golden ticket” to meet him in person.
To be very clear, the idea of paying a lot for NFTs tied to celebrities or bands or artists with big followings makes some sense. But how about NFTs that aren’t backed by a big name?
Earlier this week a series of 25 limited edition NFTs from EulerBeats (short music files named after the Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler) sold at auction, with every one of them selling above $85,000. One group of 54 investors, BeetsDAO (a DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization), purchased four of the NFTs in the auction. The group of strangers met in an EulerBeats Discord room less than two weeks earlier and collectively raised more than $500,000 for use in the auction, with the expectation of future returns.
I know two of the people in the group, and they love EulerBeats because they love music. But they also saw an opportunity to make money, especially as the group has already made tens of thousands of dollars in royalties from the NFTs. How many of the other investors in the DAO are in it because they like the music in the EulerBeats? I’d venture to guess only a fraction. I know another person who made an immediate $30,000 by flipping an NBA Top Shot NFT; he is certainly not an NBA fan.
Even if you fully buy into the value proposition of NFTs—provable scarcity, verifiable ownership, a digital property that can’t be taken away from you or duplicated—even that promise is now being called into question. Some people have lost their NFTs due to security issues; other NFT marketplaces are not actually storing the NFTs on blockchain, which calls the whole game into question. There’s also confusion over what you really own and can do, legally, with your NFT.
Even the real artists making real money from selling their work as NFTs identify it as a speculative bubble. Beeple immediately converted the $53 million worth of ETH he made from his big Christie’s score into dollars, and told The New Yorker, “I’m not remotely a crypto purist… I absolutely think it’s a bubble, to be quite honest.” San Francisco street artist Fnnch (“finch”), known for his murals of honey-bear bottles, sold an NFT recently for $64,000 and told me, “I think without question we’re in an NFT bubble. I think about it like I think about the internet in 1999: you have something completely revolutionary, but also it’s a bubble, and those aren’t mutually exclusive.”
Some onlookers are now comparing the NFT boom to the infamous ICO boom, when startups were creating and selling new tokens in “initial coin offerings” that generated millions of dollars and, in most cases, had no real company or use case behind them. And they’re angry about it. “This is what kills Bitcoin,” says the hedge fund manager Ross Gerber, whose firm just started buying Bitcoin on behalf of its clients. “Last time was the ICOs. Whenever things start going well for Bitcoin, the criminals just come around like flies on poop. NFTs are just another way to rip people off.”
During the ICO boom, I used to frequently use the analogy that those tokens were like casino chips being sold to investors for use in a casino that didn’t exist yet.
Sure enough, the CEO of L’Atelier BNP Paribas recently told Bloomberg that buying an NFT is “akin at this stage to going into the casino.” So, who will be left holding the bag when the carousel ride stops?
This is Roberts on Crypto, a weekend column from Decrypt Editor-in-Chief Daniel Roberts and Decrypt Executive Editor Jeff John Roberts. Sign up for the Decrypt email newsletter to receive it in your inbox in the future. And read last weekend’s column: A Fidelity Bitcoin ETF Would Be Everyone’s Gain—But Grayscale’s Pain.
We ask the buidlers in the blockchain and cryptocurrency sector for their thoughts on the industry… and we throw in a few random zingers to keep them on their toes!
This week, our 6 Questions go to Wes Levitt, head of strategy at Theta Labs.
At Theta Labs, Wes works on corporate strategy, marketing and press relations, and analytics. He has been a speaker on blockchain topics at conferences including the New York Media Festival, Blockchain Connect and NAB Streaming Summit, among others. Prior to joining Theta Labs, Wes spent eight years in investment roles at Mosser Capital, a real estate private equity firm; and Redwood Trust, a mortgage real estate investment trust focused on securitized debt. Wes is a CFA charterholder and holds a BS in economics from the University of Oregon and an MBA from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.
1 — If the world is getting a new currency, will it be led by central bank digital currencies, a permissionless blockchain like Bitcoin or a permissioned chain such as Diem?
If it’s only one, I would say CBDCs are more likely since governments are unlikely to give up the power of issuing their own currencies. But Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies can exist alongside CBDCs and serve a different purpose. Even if Bitcoin never replaces the major fiat currencies (or their CBDC successors), it is hugely valuable by providing an alternative to them. The mere existence of Bitcoin, with its fixed supply and pseudonymous transactions, should force central banks to think twice about inflating their currency values away or forcing widespread surveillance on consumers.
It’s true that we aren’t seeing that yet with rampant money creation in the U.S. dollar, euro, Japanese yen, etc. in the past year — but that’s partly a function of Bitcoin and other crypto markets just being too small to be a workable alternative yet. But that’s changing quickly — you are seeing companies like MicroStrategy, Tesla and Meitu add Bitcoin to their corporate treasury, which becomes more and more feasible as Bitcoin’s market cap grows. Eventually, Bitcoin should grow large enough to be investable even at the scale of central banks, as an alternative or supplement to their gold holdings.
2 — Does it matter if we ever figure out who Satoshi really is, or was? Why, or why not?
I do think it matters, but that it’s best for Bitcoin if we never find out who Satoshi is/was. A real person will have a backstory, profession, country of origin, etc., which could only lead to division and bias in the crypto community. It’s better that Satoshi remain more of a legendary figure that people can interpret as they choose to. I think Satoshi himself realized this, and it’s why he chose to remain anonymous.
3 — What’s the silliest conspiracy theory out there… and which one makes you pause for a moment?
For silliest, I’ll go with a tie between QAnon and “Bill Gates putting tracking chips in the COVID vaccines.” Both are so stupid that they’ve become useful as a signaling device. If someone believes in one of those things, I can safely ignore anything else they say and save myself the time.
The one conspiracy theory I 100% believe is that David Stern regularly rigged the number-one pick in the NBA draft. Ewing to the Knicks in ’85, New Orleans getting Anthony Davis after Stern traded Chris Paul away, Lebron and Rose go to their hometown teams, the Cavs get three number-one picks in four years after Lebron leaves… way too many examples to have happened by accident!
4 — Other than the present day, in what time and in what country would you like to have lived?
I would have enjoyed mid-70s England, mostly for the music. You had the punk scene emerging with the Sex Pistols, The Clash, and The Damned, and many others. Iron Maiden and Motorhead are just getting started along with the whole NWOBHM [new wave of British heavy metal] scene. Plus, if you stick around until the late 70s/early 80s, you’ve got XTC and Depeche Mode and the Police just around the corner. One of the best five or so years in music you can find for a single country.
5 — Have you ever bought a nonfungible token? What was it? And if not, what do you think will be your first?
My first-ever NFT was purchased for just the price of some ETH for gas — I created it myself with Enjin back in 2018. This limited edition “Wes-branded” sword didn’t make it into any crypto games, sadly, but it was obviously a very cool concept, even if it was still a few years before the mainstream use of NFTs. The entertainment space is getting the most attention for NFTs right now, but the idea of taking legendary items with me between RPGs is still the use case that resonates with me the most. I’m not much of an art collector myself, but I could absolutely see myself ponying up for rare items that are interoperable between games — now, I can justify that this NFT purchase is an investment I could use across many different games in the future.
6 — What’s the unlikeliest-to-happen thing on your bucket list?
I’d like to live long enough to see humanity establish settlements on the Moon or Mars or other potentially habitable moons like Europa, and to travel there myself once that becomes feasible at a commercial level (i.e., without having to go through astronaut training just to go!) This still feels like too far away for my lifetime — we are 52 years post-Moon landing and barely any closer to permanent settlement. But the pace of technological discovery is always increasing, so I hold out hope that it will be in my plans for 2050 or so!
Stay positive, and keep building! Crypto goes through breakneck cycles of euphoria and despair — you have to take a step back and look at the big picture sometimes to keep your head on straight in this wild space.
DAOs are poised to go mainstream, thanks to the NFT boom, and a prospective new law.
There’s plenty of enthusiasm at the prospect, and venture DAOs in particular.
A group of crypto art collectors made global headlines last month by placing a $525,000 winning bid for apromotional video about the crypto platform Uniswap created by the fast-rising digital artist Pplpleasr. The artwork came in the form of the art-meets-tech mediumdu jour, the NFT, and the funds from the winning bid went to charity.
But while the purchase garnered plenty of publicity, few media outlets mentioned the novel social arrangement that made it possible: a decentralized autonomous organization or DAO. Thanks to this revolutionary organizing structure, a disparate group of more than 30 individuals—previously intent on outbidding each other—were able to rally around asocial media call, organize funds and place the winning bid in a remarkably short period of time.
A DAO, in essence, is an organization that exists only as a set of smart contractsor rules enforced on the Ethereum blockchain. Historically, in the crypto industry, they’ve been used by groups big and small to manage protocol development, fund investments, or fulfill various other missions.
The non-hierarchical structure of DAOs has proved particularly popular when it comes to collaborative asset management. And now, with the help of the NFT boom, and proposed laws to increase their legitimacy, DAO proponents say they’re about to go mainstream.
Just this week, a group of 54 people who met in a Discord room formed a DAO (“BeetsDAO”) and pooled 300 ETH (more than $500,000) to buy four EulerBeats NFTs in an auction on OpenSea.
“DAOs are the perfect tool to manage these tokenized assets, this new trend—NFTs,” José Nuno Sousa Pinto, chief legal officer forAragon, one of the first DAO-creation platforms, toldDecrypt.
He and other enthusiasts are convinced that the day of the DAO is dawning and that, in time, this novel type of organization will become nothing less than a new breed of corporation.
“We believe [the] DAO will play a starring role as the world makes the shift to Web 3.0, paving the way for fully decentralized companies that can secure the same levels of significance and influence that centralized tech giants currently enjoy in the Web 2.0 world,” Jademont Zheng, a partner at China-based Waterdrip Capital, which backs DAO-creation platformMetis, toldDecrypt.
Deconstructing the DAO
In interviews withDecrypt, Zheng and others said the rise of a decentralized Web 3.0—also called the Internet of Value—is seeding a new style of organizational structure. This structure revolves around decentralized apps (dapps) and communities managed by their members, who all have decision-making powers.
Image/data from DeepDAO, April 2 .
Typically, DAO members use tokens to vote on topics such as fund allocation. In the case of many DAOs, the impact of a member’s vote can increase based on the amount they have contributed to the project. The outcome can be based on the degree of participation as well as voting preference.
As for the autonomous part, a DAO can be seen as operating like a machine, with the job it is instructed to carry out determined by a series of pre-written smart contracts.
The concept hasfirmly taken rootin the fast-growing Decentralized Finance (DeFi) industry, and has become like a favorite piece of Lego in Ethereum’s tool-box.
“Much like what we’ve seen in DeFi—where all these different systems are able to talk to one another—we think the same thing is going to happen to organizations,” Cardozo Law School professor Aaron Wright toldDecrypt. Wright is a cofounder of digital contracting platformOpenLaw, and he predicts that the separate functions people build for their own personal DAO projects will one day be stacked together to build larger organizations that may come to define Web 3.0.
“Once the Wyoming bill is implemented, it should let a million—if not a billion—DAOs blossom.”
Aaron Wright
But to critics, a DAO-driven web raises numerous legal and corporate governance issues, or the prospect of disaster—which is what happened in 2016, when the first-ever DAO (confusingly namedTheDAO) almost caused the newly-launched Ethereum network’s demise.
Hugely ambitious in scope, the project raised $150 million for a decentralized venture fund and was the most successful crowdfunding campaign of its time. But an undetected flaw in the code saw The DAO fail within weeks of its launch, and hackers steal$55 millionof the collective’s funds.
The Ethereum community, controversially, voted to roll back the blockchain so no one lost any money. The decision secured the future of the fledgling platform, but the surrounding controversy put the development of DAOs back several years.
“When it blew up, because of the name, The DAO, people thought that all DAOs were inherently bad. And so it took a few years to actually make people change their minds,” Aragon co-founderLuis CuendetoldDecryptlast year.
Aragon and radically transparent governance
While DAOs stayed in the shadows after the 2016 debacle, the experiments around them never really stopped. Projects such asAragon,DAOstack, andColony, learned key lessons (and the importance of audits) from the original DAO. They have continued building and running DAOs for some of the largest DeFi protocols, includingSynthetix, Aave, and Compound. And all delegated more control to their users in 2020 after their projects surged in value.
Aragon CFO José Nuno Sousa Pinto. Image: Aragon
Aragon now underpinsmore than 1,600communities, including the DeFi projects Aave andCurve. They use the platform and services for financial transparency, asset management, and protocol governance.
A community can adapt a DAO and program it according to its own goals. The aim is to make “governanceradically transparent, unlike conventional, closed-door companies,” by establishing a new kind of jurisdiction, and “a set of rules for technical contracts that regulate the interaction between the users,” explained Sousa Pinto. Aragon even provides a dispute-resolution court.
He claims that DAOs are the best way to engage communities that have thousands of members, and predicts mainstream entities, such as businesses, charity, and community organizations will soon adopt them too. “It’s a wonderful piece of technology: it’s transparent, it’s fair, it’s honest, [and] it’s public,” he said.
Butnot everyonethinks DAO-based governance will prove all that revolutionary. Dragonfly Capital, which is invested in DeFi projects reliant on DAOs, such asCompound,Maker, andOpyn, declared in an August report that DAO governance, so far, “looks almost identical to traditional firm governance.” Those with the most tokens generally call the shots and can dictate how their communities are run, they argued.
Meanwhile, the processes by which DAOs are governed are evolving alongside technical innovations. For instance,Vocdoni, a protocol acquired byAragonearlier this year, is soon set to releasedigital voting solutionswhich don’t require participants to pay pricey fees in order to go on-chain to vote, thus encouraging greater participation.
Moloch and the second coming of venture DAOs
Recent DAO experiments have produced a variety of radical ideas. But perhaps the most revolutionary is a new wave of venture-focused DAOs, and hybrid fundraising concepts that are designed with regulators in mind—unlike theICO crypto crazeof 2017.
MolochDAO, which was created to manage grants to fund the development of Ethereum 2.0, the network’s ongoing scaling initiative, has been instrumental to the new wave of venture DAOs. Its developers focused on simple smart contract solutions and expressly designed the program to minimize the possibility of an attack.
In 2019, developers from the Ethereum community forked its code. The fork served to modify smart contracts so as to develop more sophisticated DAOs, such asMetaCartel VenturesandMarketing DAO, which have the ability to distribute and transfer shares and other assets between members. Since then, MetaCartel Ventures, a for-profit DAO focused on early-stage investment in Ethereum-based projects, has raised almost $24 million from its 64 members.
The spirit behind such initiatives is to foster a healthy venture capital ecosystem that provides DAO projects with easy access to funding, and helps the technology to flourish. It also offers experts working with these cutting-edge technologies the opportunity to invest in the same advancements.
Most crucially, MetaCartel and its ilk provide a way to raise money quickly and efficiently and, unlike most ICOs of the 2017 era, in a manner that does not run afoul of U.S. securities laws. MetaCartel Ventures, for instance, has taken pains to register as a Limited Liability Company (LLC) in crypto-friendly Delaware.
In the US, it’s possible to enjoy limited liability and some of the other benefits of legal entities without a manager, because “LLCs are creatures of contract,” and DAOs operate primarily via software-enabled smart contracts, said OpenLaw’s Aaron Wright.
The LAO and the law
Launched by OpenLaw in April 2020,The LAO, an acronym for Limited Liability Autonomous Organization, is a further step towards reconciling radical crypto solutions with the legacy world. It’s a venture DAO with added legal protections baked in, aimed at investors who want to be compliant while earning rewards from the next wave of Ethereum projects.
Like MetaCartel DAO, the LAO has adapted Moloch’s framework, enabling the organization to accept capital, as opposed to just paying out. To date, the project has attracted $25 million in funding. So far, it’s invested around 30% of the funds in 40 projects, including what’s now the largest NFT marketplace, SuperRare. Another of the investments, cited by Wright, is Tornado Cash, which seeks to improve privacy protections.
The LAO is even capable of incubating projects of its own. In March, it spawned another DAO, this time targeting institutions. DubbedNeptune, it will focus on providing much-needed liquidity for DeFi and blockchain projects.
Wright observes that many of the people building DAOs have absorbed learned hard lessons about security and compliance. The LAO’s 68 members (it’s limited to 100) have been vetted to ensure they obey relevant know-your-customer and anti-money laundering laws. And, in the U.S., only accredited investors are eligible to join.
While the LAO seeks to be a model of regulatory compliance, it’s not always clear if other DAOs are being as mindful. This is particularly the case in the U.S., Wright says, where legal minefields abound, especially in relation to token projects that might be deemed to be securities.
However, “if you have a very flat, non-hierarchical organization, where ownership and decision making is very participatory, and all the information related to the organization is available, I, personally, make a strong argument that those interests should not be considered securities,” he added.
Wright has also helped to draftlandmark legislationin the crypto-friendly state of Wyoming that seeks to clarify the status of DAOs. The bill recently passed a key hurdle in the state Senate. Last year, Wyoming also became the first state in the U.S. to issue a charter for crypto banks, and has already issued licenses to two:KrakenandAvanti.
If enacted, the new bill will grant DAOs the legal personality currently enjoyed by traditional corporations. “It should let a million—if not a billion—DAOs blossom,” said Wright. “It still takes a lot of work to set one of these up lawfully,” he explained.
In fact, Wyoming is not the first place to moot giving alegal personality to DAOs. Malta began the process in 2019.
The Maltese efforts, however, have been criticized by entrepreneurs. The legislation is overly complicated, they say, and too much responsibility is vested in a manager, which is contrary to the spirit of a DAO. But Malta was first to lay the ground, andfurther amendmentscould grant DAOs legal personality and reduce the responsibility placed on managers.
But not everyone is in favor of such legislation. Preston Byrne, a partner at Anderson Kill Law,warnedthat it could be usurped “by token hawkers to justify selling “shitcoins and half-baked code.”
He called for Wyoming to scrap its bill and claimed—having experimented with legal DAOs, as early as 2013—that the concept is unworkable and fraught with dangers. In any case, the impact of Wyoming’s initiatives could be limited given the state’s small population, minimal ties to the financial industry, and the fact that federal securities laws are paramount in the U.S.
“We Can DAO it”
There are similarities between fundraising or venture DAOs and ICOs. Commentators have even theorized that, had it not been for the disaster that befell the original DAO, Ethereum projects would have embraced DAOs as a fundraising tool much earlier.
Unlike the LAO or MetaCartel Ventures, which restrict who can participate, fundraising platformDuckDAOallows anyone who holds its token to invest in early-stage startups, and members are encouraged to help with aspects such as user acquisition and marketing for the projects the DAO has funded, which include NFT platform Bondly and synthetic crypto-asset Base Protocol.
“Web 3.0 projects need support in the long term.”
Toshi Kamei
DAOs such as DuckDAO andDAO Makeralso operate public token sales. DAO Maker’s fundraising initiative, the refundable Strong Holder Offering (rSHO) was endorsed by Maltese regulators in February.The project identifies applicants who are likely to become long-term token holders, and thus valuable community members, through chain analysis and scanning their wallet addresses for a history of positive behavior.VAIOT, a startup that develops AI-powered services for businesses, chose the rSHO as its fundraising method because it complied with Maltese legislation.
“As we were the first project regulated in Malta, we’ve actually cleared the trail for other projects and proven that you can benefit from both strict regulatory frameworks and innovative, customer-oriented sales processes,” Christoph Surgowt, CEO of VAIOT, told Decrypt.
In Asia too, enthusiasm for DeFi and DAOs is growing. Fracton Ventures, a Japanese startup, is keen to emulate the success of MetaCartel and the LAO. Its founders—Toshi Kamei, Naoki Akazawa, and Yudai Suzuki—are working to bolster the DAO ecosystem initially through establishing links with Web 3.0 startups and Asian institutional investors, allowing them to tap into the vibrant DeFi space. “We can DAO it,” their slogan says. A graphic prepared by Fracton depicts the progression of decentralized projects like this:
Fracton plans to involve corporate investors in venture DAOs. Image: Fracton.
Currently, almost all investment DAOs are in North America, said Suzuki. There’s a lot of interest in Asia, but people don’t find it easy to tap into the networks that are forming in the US, in part because of the language barrier.
The Fracton trio is acutely aware of the long-term funding issues faced by young startups. Kamei was previously a producer and investor atMistletoe, the social impact fund led by Taizo Son—brother of SoftBank founder Masayoshi Son. He believes that VC funding goals are often not well aligned. “Web 3.0 projects need support in the long term. We think a Web 3.0-specific investment model will fit in these spaces,” he said.
A DAO for every occasion
These days, DAOs are not exclusive to Ethereum. Dora Factory, which is part of the Polkadot ecosystem, is building an open infrastructure for DAOs using the network’s own suite of tools. It closed its firstfunding roundin February.
But, as the NFT craze (or bubble) reaches its peak, it’s the DAOs that have formed around NFTs that have been getting attention.
the future of art collectives is DAO’s. guppies will be outbid by orgs. you will buy “shares” of an ethos instead of individually bidding. no one will be able to beat art DAO’s. this is just the beginning
— jamis.eth (@_jamiis) March 27, 2021
The PplpleasrDAO, which was formed for the express purpose of winning the Pplpleasr artwork, has since bought three more of the artist’s works andplans to continue investing.
It’s not, however, the first DAO devoted to NFTs.FlamingoDAO is a LAO project formed in October 2020. It already has $10 million in pooled funds, 40 members, and has acquired around 6-700 NFTs, includingNBA Top Shotcards, and a rareCryptoPunk, according to Wright.
The LAO plans to spawn more DAOs in the near future. “Our broad vision is this: Silicon Valley should not be a highway in California. It should be a network of investment vehicles, primarily backed by the communities that create innovation,” said Wright.
And there’s no reason to think other types of organizations can’t be DAOs. There is already a writers’ DAO,mirror.xyz, which is getting increasing attention (we’ve noticed, guys.) It has a regular$WRITE RACE, a weekly showdown between writers who want to join, and the community votes for the writers they want to see on the platform.
Different types of projects will join LAOs and DAOs. Image: OpenLaw
Meanwhile,Decryptrecently created its own NFTs and launched its own token to reward reader engagement. According to Sousa Pinto, a DAO could be a useful means of engaging readers, while also deploying the very tools Decrypt writes about on a daily basis. “Voting would be the essence of the participation,” he emphasized. “Voting is the new ‘like’.”
Sousa Pinto believes that, after the tokenization of assets, the next trend will be the tokenization of companies. But this won’t involve regular shares. Instead, there will be tokens, which can be traded on different markets, and which correspond to different types of participation—or stakes—in the company. “That’s very important because it gives engagement,” he said.
Amid the renewed interest, developers have introduced DAO-specific tools, such asdecentralized automated payroll systems, to serves as HR departments, and ensure contributors’ efforts are rewarded.
But all this enthusiasm is not shared by everyone. TheMIT Technology Reviewconsiders the idea of entrusting the masses with important financial decisions a bad one, that isn’t likely to yield returns. They say that many things will have to change for DAO-related projects to succeed on any scale.
And scale is also a problem for Ethereum, including the high fees which are a barrier to DAO development. To counter this, projects such as Metis are building so-called Layer 2 solutions, while others maintain that transacting on-chain should be reserved for necessities, such as asset transfers and decisions affecting security.
DAOs are still small in terms of assets under management. Image: DeepDAO
In the broader picture, DAOs may overcome many deficiencies—governance and otherwise—inherent to conventional organizations. But DAOs still have plenty of issues of their own that must be addressed, such as simplifying voting procedures and reducing the overall complexity of governance mechanics.
Finally, for now, DAOs are just a fledgling niche in the broader world of crypto and finance—indeed,the top DAOs still have only $931 million in assets under management, according to analytics trackerDeepDAO. But they are fast attracting new converts as, already, more than 65,000 people are serving as DAO members. Whether they’re interested in owning a fraction of a high-profile NFT, a Decrypt articleor a place at a massive, virtual boardroom—their ranks are growing at a rate of 400 per week.